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- WINTER
-
- The dark season of winter is dominated by the mid-winter celebration
- of Christmas. Before Christianity came to Europe, the 25th December
- was the Roman feast of Natalis Solis Invicti - " The Birthday of the
- Unconquerable Sun" - and also the Scandinavian mid-winter festival of
- Yuletide. This date was chosen as the date for the celebration of the
- birth of Christ by the Bishop of Rome in the fourth century BC, but
- tradition says that Christians used this date from as early as AD 98.
-
- December is the darkest and deadest time of the year in Europe, so
- there was a tradition of holidays and festivals, to revive people's
- spirits and bring back the light and life of springtime by special
- ceremonies. The Christians merged these with their own celebration of
- God's light coming into the world at the occasion of Jesus's birth.
-
- Many of our Christmas customs survive from pre-Christian festivals:
- the giving of presents, eating of special foods, decorating homes and
- lighting candles. Customs are often strongly rooted in people's
- memories, and so the Christian leaders let them stay, but tried to
- imbue them with new meanings. For example, holly, the pagan symbol of
- luck and new life, became, with its red berries and prickly leaves, a
- symbol of Christ's crown of thorns and his blood given for mankind.
-
- Winter is especially associated with festivals including light, for it
- is needed to dispel the darkness of the short northern days. In Sweden
- 13th December has been celebrated as the festival of light for many
- centuries. They called it "the day when the sun stands still" (in the
- old calendar this was the shortest day of the year), and they knew
- that after this day the sun would return to the north and the days
- would gradually lengthen.
-
- The pagan festival of light was transformed into the feast of St Lucy.
-
- Legends say that Lucy was a young girl who brought food to persecuted
- Christians when they were in hiding, wearing lights on her head to
- keep her hands free. On St Lucy's Day, one girl in each house dresses
- in a white dress with a red sash and wears a crown of candles (usually
- electric now for safety), and serves coffee and saffron cakes to the
- rest of the family.
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